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Ein Tagessatz von 1.800 Euro oder mehr schreckt ab. Doch was kostet Sie ein Interim Manager wirklich? Aktuelle Studien belegen: In einem Fünftel der Projekte beträgt der Return on Interim Management das Zehnfache des Aufwands1Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Interim Management Market Developments DACH Region 2022, pp. 45-67. Die Ludwig Heuse GmbH dokumentiert einen durchschnittlichen Return on Investment von 5,82 Euro pro investiertem Euro2Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Interim Management Market Development 2024, pp. 78-94.
While managers discuss seemingly high daily rates, they fail to consider the overall costs. A permanent position with an annual salary of €150,000 generates total costs of over €200,000, plus recruitment, training, and termination costs. An interim manager with a daily rate of €1,400 works 140 days and costs €196,000 – with no risk, no hidden costs, and immediate effectiveness.
Der Interim Management Markt in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz hat mit einem Volumen von 3,09 Milliarden Euro im Jahr 2024 eine bemerkenswerte Reife erreicht3AIMP Market Study 2025, Interim Management DACH Region, pp. 23-45. Deutschland dominiert mit 2,4 Milliarden Euro etwa 78 Prozent des Gesamtmarktes, während die Schweiz 400 Millionen Euro und Österreich 260 Millionen Euro beitragen4DDIM Market Study 2024, Interim Management Germany, pp. 34-56.
Diese Zahlen basieren auf der kontinuierlichen wissenschaftlichen Begleitung durch den Arbeitskreis der Interim Management Provider (AIMP) seit über 20 Jahren und zeigen die Kosten für Interim Manager auf. Die jährliche Erhebung der Ludwig Heuse GmbH mit über 900 teilnehmenden Interim Managern liefert empirische Daten zu rund 700 Interim Projekten5Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Press Release Interim Management Market Developments DACH Region 2022, pp. 1-3. Von bescheidenen Anfängen hat sich der deutsche Markt zu einem Volumen von 2,4 Milliarden Euro entwickelt.
Besonders relevant für produzierende Unternehmen: 26 Prozent aller Interim Management Einsätze erfolgen in der Fertigungsindustrie. Der Maschinenbau führt mit bedeutendem Marktanteil, gefolgt von der Automobilzulieferindustrie und der chemisch-pharmazeutischen Industrie6Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Industry Analysis Interim Management 2022, pp. 12-18. Diese Branchen zahlen durchschnittliche Tagessätze zwischen 1.200 und 1.500 Euro, abhängig von Spezialisierungsgrad und Projektanforderungen.
Geographical concentration reveals regional differences in daily rates. Economic centers such as Munich, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart have higher compensation than the national average, reflecting both economic strength and the increased demand for executive interim management.
The validated 1 percent rule for daily rates in interim management
The established 1 percent rule states that an interim manager's net daily rate corresponds to approximately one percent of the gross annual salary of a comparable permanent position. This rule of thumb has proven remarkably robust across different industries and hierarchical levels.
Bei einer Geschäftsführerposition mit 180.000 Euro Jahresgehalt ergibt sich ein kalkulatorischer Tagessatz von 1.800 Euro. Die aktuellen Marktstudien dokumentieren durchschnittliche Tagessätze von 1.338 Euro in Deutschland, 1.712 Euro in der Schweiz und 1.282 Euro in Österreich7AIMP Market Study 2025, Country Comparison of Daily Rates, pp. 67-89. Diese Differenzen reflektieren sowohl die Wirtschaftskraft als auch die Marktreife in den jeweiligen Ländern und beeinflussen die Tagessätze für Interim Management.
The spread across management levels is significant. While regional sales managers with five employees earn between €1,000 and €1,200 per day, global sales and marketing managers with €700 million in sales responsibility earn between €1,800 and €2,200 per day. This differentiation reflects the complexity and scope of the responsibility assumed.
In the executive sector, daily rates regularly exceed €1,500, frequently between €1,800 and €2,000. These top daily rates are justified by the combination of operational leadership responsibility, strategic expertise, and the willingness to assume full responsibility for results.
Anyone who only looks at the daily rate for interim management misses the crucial point: it is not about costs, but about return on investment
Is it worthwhile to employ an interim manager? Exceptional return on investment documentation
Die umfangreichste wissenschaftliche Untersuchung zur Wirtschaftlichkeit stammt aus der langjährigen Studie der Ludwig Heuse GmbH, die auch die Tagessätze für Interim Manager analysiert. Pro eingesetztem Euro für einen Interim Manager erzielen Unternehmen 5,47 Euro Rendite beziehungsweise Return on Interim Management8Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Return on Interim Management Study 2023, inpactmedia.com. Bei einem Marktvolumen von 2,5 Milliarden Euro liegt der RoIM für die Unternehmen somit bei 13,67 Milliarden Euro.
Die Verteilung der Ergebnisse ist bemerkenswert: In einem Fünftel der Projekte beträgt der RoIM das Zehnfache des Aufwands, in einem weiteren Fünftel hat sich der Einsatz verdoppelt9Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Press Release Interim Management Market Development DACH Region 2022, pp. 2-3. Diese außergewöhnlichen Renditen resultieren aus der Kombination schneller Problemlösung, operativer Umsetzungsverantwortung und der Fähigkeit, Transformationsprozesse erfolgreich zu steuern, was den Tagessatz eines Interim Managers rechtfertigt.
Interim Manager können bereits nach 17 Projekttagen im Unternehmen ihre volle Leistungsfähigkeit entfalten. Innerhalb von 37 Tagen signalisieren Kunden Normalbetrieb10Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Interim Management Efficiency Analysis 2023, inpactmedia.com. Diese außergewöhnliche Geschwindigkeit resultiert aus der Kombination externer Perspektive, fehlender interner Politik und konzentriertem Fokus auf die Projektaufgabe.
Die hohe Kundenzufriedenheit spiegelt sich in Wiederbeauftragungen wider: 69 Prozent der Unternehmen greifen ein zweites Mal auf eine Interim Management-Lösung zurück11Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Customer Satisfaction Analysis 2023, inpactmedia.com. Diese Wiederholungsquote unterstreicht sowohl die Qualität der erbrachten Leistungen als auch die nachhaltige Wertschöpfung für die Auftraggeber.
Comparison of the costs of an interim manager with management consultancy and permanent employment
Der systematische Vergleich zwischen Interim Managern und klassischen Unternehmensberatern offenbart erhebliche Kostenunterschiede. Unternehmensberater verlangen zwischen 1.600 und 3.000 Euro pro Tag, während Interim Manager mit durchschnittlichen Tagessätzen von 1.300 bis 1.400 Euro kalkulieren12Siegfried Lettmann, The Costs of an Interim Manager, lettmann-interim.com 2024.
The crucial difference, however, lies in the responsibility for implementation: While many consulting projects fail during the implementation phase, interim managers assume operational leadership responsibility and implement measures directly. A typical 12-month transformation project with an interim manager costs approximately €315,000, while the combination of strategy consulting and implementation support incurs significantly higher costs.
The total cost analysis of a permanent position reveals often overlooked factors. For a management position with an annual salary of €150,000, employer contributions, company pension plans, and additional benefits result in total costs of €195,000 to €210,000 annually. In addition, there are recruitment costs of 30 to 50 percent of the annual salary and an average training period of 120 days to reach full productivity.
In the event of a separation, further costs arise due to severance payments and extended separation processes. The legal framework with dismissal protection can extend separation processes to three to eight months, which incurs additional costs.
The 1 percent rule and its practical application in determining interim management costs
As mentioned, the established 1 percent rule forms the basis for daily rate calculation and market pricing. This rule works remarkably consistently across different industries and hierarchical levels. A managing director with an annual salary of €160,000 corresponds to a daily rate of €1,600, while a regional sales manager with an annual salary of €120,000 corresponds to a daily rate of €1,200.
The rule implicitly takes into account different cost structures. While permanent employees have approximately 220 working days per year, interim managers work an average of 140 days at full intensity. This higher productivity per workday justifies the seemingly higher daily rates.
Regionale Abweichungen der 1-Prozent-Regel sind dokumentiert. In der Schweiz liegt der durchschnittliche Tagessatz bei 1.712 Euro, was höhere Lebenshaltungskosten und Marktpositionierung widerspiegelt13AIMP Market Study 2025, Country Comparison DACH Region, gointerim.com. Österreich zeigt mit 1.282 Euro eine unter dem deutschen Niveau von 1.338 Euro liegende Bewertung.
The application of the rule differentiates between functional areas. Sales managers often achieve higher percentages of the reference salary due to measurable performance contributions, while administrative functions tend to be at the lower end of the range. This differentiation reflects the different value creation and measurability of the contributions.
Executive area: Premium segment with higher fees for special requirements
In the executive sector, daily rates for interim managers regularly exceed €1,500, frequently between €1,800 and €2,200. This premium positioning is justified by the combination of strategic responsibility, operational leadership, and full responsibility for results.
Executive interim managers typically take on mandates during critical business phases: restructuring, ownership changes, digitalization projects, or succession planning. The complexity and scope of these tasks require not only technical expertise but also strong leadership skills and crisis management experience.
The qualification requirements in the executive sector are correspondingly high. The vast majority have a university degree, additional management qualifications, and international leadership experience. This depth of qualification justifies the premium positioning and explains the consistently high success rates in client evaluations.
The average duration of executive assignments is longer than the general project duration of 9.4 months. These longer durations reflect the strategic nature of the tasks and the time required for sustainable change.
Checklist
Cost assessment of an interim manager
Preparation and needs analysis
- Clear definition of the task and success criteria created
- Mandate duration and project scope defined (3-24 months optimal)
- Qualification requirements and industry experience specified
- Budget for daily rate, travel expenses and possible provider commission
- Alternative solutions (permanent employment, consulting) cost-analyzed
Cost structure and calculation
- 1 percent rule applied as daily rate benchmark
- Total costs calculated over the entire mandate period
- Additional costs for travel, accommodation and expenses taken into account
- Provider commission (25-35%) included in total calculation when used
- Comparative calculation with permanent employment including hidden costs
Quality assurance and risk minimization
- References and track record of the interim manager validated
- Personality and cultural fit tested through interviews
- Contractual arrangements for early termination established
- Handover process and knowledge transfer specified
- Backup scenarios developed for project risks
ROI planning and success measurement
- Quantifiable success indicators and KPIs defined
- Baseline measurement carried out before project start
- Interim assessments and milestones established
- RoIM calculation with realistic success scenarios created
- Long-term sustainability assurance planned
Hidden costs and risks of permanent employment
A complete cost analysis of a permanent executive position reveals significant hidden costs. With a gross annual salary of €150,000, employer contributions to social security, company pension plans, and additional benefits result in total annual costs of over €200,000.
Recruitment costs vary between €25,000 and €65,000, depending on the use of executive search firms and the complexity of the position. The average recruitment time results in additional opportunity costs due to unfilled positions.
The training period, which takes an average of 120 days to reach full productivity, generates further hidden costs. During this phase, the manager operates with reduced effectiveness, while the company bears the full costs. Interim managers, on the other hand, reach their full effectiveness after just a few weeks.
The risk of separation places a significant burden on the cost estimate. Executives leave companies after an average of just a few years, with one-third leaving within the first two years. Separation costs include severance pay, leave of absence, and re-recruitment, which can result in total costs of over €300,000 in the event of an early separation.
Quality indicators and success factors
Academic studies identify specific success factors for interim managers. The vast majority of projects are rated "good" to "excellent." Key quality indicators include professional expertise, the ability to integrate quickly, political neutrality, and strong implementation skills.
The time to full effectiveness is a few weeks, while the vast majority of interim managers have identified problems under control within 40 days. This exceptional speed results from the combination of an external perspective, a lack of internal politics, and a concentrated focus on the project task.
The renewal rate of over 80 percent of mandates underscores client satisfaction. Particularly noteworthy is that a large proportion of clients engage the same interim manager for subsequent projects, which speaks volumes about the quality of the collaboration and the results achieved.
The high recommendation rate demonstrates client satisfaction. These figures significantly exceed the benchmark for management services and underscore the appreciation for the services provided.
Capacity utilization and cost structure from the perspective of interim managers
Die durchschnittliche Auslastung von Interim Managern beträgt 140 Tage pro Jahr, was 56 Prozent der theoretischen Arbeitskapazität entspricht14AIMP Capacity Analysis, Interim Management DACH Region 2024, pp. 45-67. Diese scheinbar niedrige Quote erklärt sich durch die projektbasierte Tätigkeit und notwendige Zeiten zwischen Mandaten für Akquisition, Weiterbildung und Regeneration. Aktuelle Daten zeigen bei erfolgreichen Interim Managern eine Auslastung von über 200 Tagen, wobei Top-Performer diese Werte regelmäßig übertreffen.
From the perspective of the interim manager, significant business costs arise. Approximately 30 percent of revenue goes into acquisition, marketing, and ongoing training. These investments are necessary to generate visibility and stay up-to-date with the latest developments. Added to this are vehicle costs, work equipment, insurance, and retirement benefits without employer contributions.
The tax burden differs significantly from that of a permanent position. As sole proprietors or managing directors of a limited liability company (GmbH), interim managers bear the full entrepreneurial risk and must build up reserves for sickness, vacation, and contract gaps. Despite high daily rates, their disposable net income often only corresponds to their last fixed salary when all factors are taken into account.
The motivation for self-employment is therefore rarely financial. Independence, changing challenges, and the opportunity for continuous development are paramount. This intrinsic motivation contributes significantly to high levels of commitment and quality of results.
Provider: Service with corresponding costs
Working with established interim management providers offers professional services in the expert segment, but also incurs additional costs. Providers handle systematic candidate searches, professional matching, and support throughout the selection process. These services justify commissions of 20 to 35 percent of the project volume.
Providers are increasingly focusing on the expert segment with complex requirement profiles and hard-to-find specializations. The misplacement rate is decreasing with provider-provided placements, and provider-provided mandates show higher customer satisfaction, albeit at correspondingly higher overall costs.
The commission payment increases the project costs for a typical nine-month mandate by €50,000 to €80,000. These costs must be weighed against the benefits of professional search and quality assurance. For first-time interim management assignments or highly complex requirements, provider support can be worthwhile despite the costs.
Jedes dritte bis zweite Projekt kommt über namhafte Provider im Markt zustande, auf Platz eins liegt die Eigenakquise15Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Interim Management 2022, pp. 3-5. Online-Netzwerke und Plattformen haben derzeit noch geringe Bedeutung für den Markt, was sich jedoch durch zunehmende Digitalisierung ändern könnte.
Practical tips
Optimize interim manager costs
Optimize mandate design: Structure the mandate flexibly with options for extension or early termination. This reduces risks and allows for adjustments to changing requirements.
Direct contact instead of providers: Search for interim managers directly through networks, industry associations, or specialized platforms. This saves the provider commission of 25 to 35 percent and significantly reduces overall costs.
Ensure knowledge transfer: Invest in systematic knowledge transfer and employee development. This ensures sustainable success and reduces future dependence on external experts.
Consider the total cost: Compare not just daily rates, but the total costs, including all side effects. This approach often demonstrates the superior cost-effectiveness of interim management.
Recognize specialization: Pay appropriate premium rates for specific expertise. The cost savings from shorter project lead times and better results more than offset higher daily rates.
Optimize timing: Use interim management for defined projects or transition periods. The flexibility without long-term commitments is especially valuable in uncertain times.
Leverage regional markets: Consider regional differences when recruiting candidates. Interim managers from other regions can be more cost-effective while maintaining the same level of quality.
Future development and market forecasts
Academic market research shows continuous growth for the German market. Driving this trend are the shortage of skilled workers in management positions, increasing digitalization projects, and stricter ESG requirements. The majority of market participants expect a positive development.
Technologische Entwicklungen verändern das Anforderungsprofil. 25 Prozent der Interim Manager geben an, dass künstliche Intelligenz hohe bis sehr hohe Relevanz für ihre Tätigkeit hat16Ludwig Heuse GmbH, AI Use in Interim Management 2024, pp. 34-45. Diese Digitalisierungsexpertise wird zunehmend zum Standardanforderungsprofil und rechtfertigt entsprechende Preisaufschläge.
The professionalization of the market through quality certifications and standardized processes continues. This development strengthens client confidence and justifies professional daily rates. At the same time, it leads to further differentiation between qualified experts and less experienced market participants.
Conclusion: Fees for interim contracts are relative
A scientific analysis of the costs of an interim manager in the DACH region reveals a differentiated picture with clear economic advantages. With average daily rates of €1,300 to €1,400 and executive positions between €1,500 and €2,000, interim management represents a calculable investment with a proven return on investment. The 1 percent rule provides a reliable basis for calculation, while the average utilization of 140 days per year puts the seemingly high daily rates into perspective.
Der dokumentierte Return on Investment von 5,82 Euro pro investiertem Euro, basierend auf langjähriger wissenschaftlicher Marktbeobachtung, unterstreicht die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Führungslösung17Ludwig Heuse GmbH, Return on Interim Management 2024, S. 89-111. Für produzierende Mittelstandsunternehmen bietet Interim Management eine flexible, risikominimierte und nachweislich profitable Alternative zu Festanstellungen oder Beratungsprojekten.
The future of interim management in the manufacturing sector is characterized by further professionalization and specialization. With continuous market growth and increasing digitalization expertise, interim management is evolving from a crisis management tool to a strategic leadership tool for transformation and innovation. The scientific evidence is clear: interim management is not a last resort, but rather a cost-effective management option for defined challenges and time frames.
FAQ: Frequently asked questions about the costs of an interim manager
What are the average daily rates for interim managers?
Average daily rates for interim managers vary depending on the industry and expertise. Typically, daily rates range between €800 and €2,500 per day. Factors such as the duration of the assignment and the specific requirements of the assignment can influence the daily rate.
What are the costs for an interim manager?
The costs for an interim manager consist of the agreed daily rate plus possible additional costs such as travel, accommodation, and expenses. It's important to clearly define all potential costs upfront to avoid unpleasant surprises.
Is it worth using an interim manager?
The use of an interim manager is often worthwhile, especially in crisis situations or when specific expertise is urgently needed. Companies benefit from the rapid availability and immediate expertise, which can lead to a positive return on investment.
How are daily rates for interim managers determined?
Daily rates for interim managers are typically determined based on experience, qualifications, and the complexity of the assignment. Interim management providers also consider market demand and the specific expertise of the manager.
What additional costs can arise with interim management?
Additional costs may include travel expenses, accommodation costs, or special site requirements. These should be discussed in advance with the interim management provider to ensure a transparent cost structure.
How do you compare the costs of different interim managers?
When comparing the costs of different interim managers, it's important to consider not only the daily rates but also the expertise offered and the managers' track records. An analysis of previous assignments can help you make the best choice.
What are the advantages of interim management compared to permanent employment?
Interim management offers the advantage of flexibility and the rapid availability of skilled workers. Unlike permanent positions, the costs are predictable and limited to the duration of the assignment, which in many cases represents a cost-effective solution.
How can I ensure I choose the right interim manager?
To select the right interim manager, you should clearly define your company's specific requirements and compare them with the candidates' qualifications and experience. It's also advisable to check references and, if necessary, conduct a personal interview.
I'm Siegfried Lettmann, your profit architect and executive interim manager for profitable sales. As interim head of sales/marketing, I focus on sales excellence, pricing, and value creation.
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